Day 1 :
Biography:
Claire Andreasen is a Professor and Director of One Health at Iowa State University (ISU) College of Veterinary Medicine (CVM). She has worked with Centers of Excellence at Iowa State, Kansas State and Texas A&M Universities, with funding for emerging and transboundary animal disease education, pathology, and secure food continuity. She has a DVM from Texas A&M, she was in clinical practice, completed a pathology residency and PhD from the University of Georgia and obtained board certification. She was on the faculty at Oregon State University before coming to the ISU CVM. She was previously a Department Chair and then Associate Dean for Academic and Student Affairs. She has received university awards in teaching, research and departmental leadership.
Abstract:
The Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine has a long history of engagement in One Health. The veterinary profession and related health professions interact with both people and animals; therefore, providing a critical intersection of health and wellness information, especially in the areas of zoonotic and infectious diseases, and safe animal-sourced food products. The American Veterinary Medical Association One Health initiative states that: One Health is the integrative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to attain optimal health for people, animals, and the environment. One Health is also reflected in our college mission statement: The Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine is dedicated to the enhancement of the health and well-being of animals and human beings through excellence in education, research, professional practice and committed service to the State of Iowa, the nation and the world. It is a critical time to support one health in our missions of education, research, professional practice, and outreach, since a collaborative team approach with various experts is needed to solve global problems that impact public health.
Keynote Forum
Kyle Schachtschneider
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Keynote: The oncopig cancer model: An innovative large animal translational platform for addressing unmet clinical needs
Biography:
Kyle Schachtschneider, PhD, graduated with a Bachelor’s in Animal Sciences from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2008, and received his PhD in Animal Sciences from the same institution in 2013. Following the completion of his Doctoral training, he worked as a Post-doctoral Researcher at the Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre at Wageningen University, the Netherlands performing next generation sequencing analysis to investigate genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic variation associated with healthy and disease states in porcine biomedical models. Following his time overseas, he joined the Department of Radiology at the University of Illinois at Chicago to develop epigenetic and bioinformatics-based projects to compliment the clinically focused research efforts of the department. He is currently utilizing multi-omics datasets to elucidate the mechanisms underlying tumor biology and the impact of the tumor microenvironment on clinically relevant phenotypes in both preclinical and clinical settings.
Abstract:
Despite an improved understanding of cancer molecular biology, immune landscapes, and advancements in cytotoxic, biologic, and immunologic anti-cancer therapeutics, cancer still remains a leading cause of death worldwide. The development and investigation of new diagnostic modalities and innovative therapeutic tools is critical for reducing the global cancer burden. Towards this end, transitional animal models serve a crucial role in bridging the gap between fundamental diagnostic and therapeutic discoveries and human clinical trials. Such animal models offer insights into all aspects of the basic science-clinical translational cancer research continuum (screening, detection, oncogenesis, tumor biology, immunogenicity, therapeutics, and outcomes). To date, however, cancer research progress has been markedly hampered by lack of a genotypically, anatomically, and physiologically relevant large animal model. Our group developed a transgenic porcine model - the oncopig cancer model (OCM) - as a next generation large animal platform for addressing unmet clinical needs. The OCM recapitulates transcriptional hallmarks of human disease while also exhibiting clinically relevant histologic and genotypic tumor phenotypes. Moreover, as the global population becomes increasingly unhealthy, cancer patients commonly present clinically with multiple comorbid conditions. Due to the effects of these comorbidities on patient management, therapeutic strategies, and clinical outcomes, an ideal animal model should develop cancer on the background of representative comorbid conditions (tumor macro and microenvironments). The OCM has the capacity to develop tumors in combination with such relevant comorbidities. Furthermore, studies on the tumor microenvironment demonstrate similarities between OCM and human cancer genomic landscapes.
Keynote Forum
Yusuf L Henuk
Sumatera Utara University, Indonesia
Keynote: Mealworm: A promising alternative protein source for animal nutrition
Biography:
Yusuf L Henuk is a Professor in the Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at University of Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia. He received a Bachelor’s degree from the Faculty of Animal Science, the University of Nusa Cendana from 1980-1984. He obtained Master’s in Rural Science (M.Rur.Sc.) from the University of New England 1991 – 1995 and continued Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from the University of Queensland 1998 – 2001. He was a Visiting Professor to the Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, USA (September – December 2010 & 2017). He was a prolific writer and has published many articles in international journal and mainly poultry science.
Abstract:
Global food production system is facing challenges to meet the growing demand for quality animal products due to rising incomes, urbanisation, environment and nutritional concerns and other anthropogenic pressures. As the world population rises, the global food system faces an impending crisis and a major component of this crisis is the forecast that the livestock sector is growing at a rate that is deemed unsustainable. Insect consumption by humans has always been a worldwide practice. The practice of eating these six-legged creatures known as insects is called entomophagy, which is derived from the word “ento-”, meaning insect, and “-phagy,” meaning to eat. Insects are already used as food to sustain millions of people around the world, and have been for centuries. This food habit dates back to prehistory and is still traditional in many countries especially where food is in short supply but also where food security is not a major concern. 11 countries around the world had established commercial insect harvesting operations in the wild, from Australia to Vietnam, India, and beyond. In Europe and the US, we have been slower to catch on to this growing trend. But in recent years, budding entrepreneurs have heard the buzz and pioneered a suite of new technologies and methodologies to allow sustainable production of insects. Nutrition value of mealworm has been used as a protein source for domestic animals and even further for human consumption. Therefore, we must look to alternative sources of protein that can be produced on a viable and sustainable commercial scale, and in recent years edible insects have been proposed as one potential ‘new’ protein source for animals. The main reason for this is that many insects can be farmed at relatively low economic and environmental costs; farming insects use up to 50–90% less land per kg protein, 40–80% less feed per kg edible weight and produces 1000–2700 g less GHGEs (Greenhouse gas emissions) per kg mass gain than conventional livestock. Insects at all life stages are rich sources of animal protein. Until now, the main research efforts have focussed on the larvae of the Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), the maggot and pupae of the housefly (Musca domestica), the larvae of the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and insect families belonging to the order Orthoptera including locusts, grasshoppers, crickets and katylids. However, insects of the order Blattodea, like American, German, and Asian cockroach are also interesting candidates. A 2014 review by FAO scientists of feeding trials conducted on catfish, tilapia, rainbow trout, and several other fish species, as well as crustaceans, chickens, and pigs, concluded that insect meal could replace between 25% and 100% of soymeal or fishmeal in the animals’ diets with no adverse effects. The nutritional profile of mealworms is comparable to other protein sources currently used in poultry feeds, especially fishmeal. On a dry matter basis, mealworms contain 44-69% protein, 23-47% fat than fishmeal contain 61-77% protein, 11-17% fat. Currently, mealworm are known in Indonesia as “ulat hong kong” which has been used widely as feed for pigs, poultry and fish.
Keynote Forum
Paa Kobina Turkson
University of Ghana, Ghana
Keynote: Antimicrobial use, resistance and residues in animal health practice in Ghana
Biography:
Paa Kobina Turkson is a Professor of Veterinary Epidemiology. He is a Veterinarian by profession and a Veterinary Epidemiologist by specialization. He obtained a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (1983) and an MSc in Veterinary Public Health (1986) from the University of Nairobi, Kenya, and a PhD in Epidemiology from the College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh USA in 1998. He is currently the Dean of the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghana.
Abstract:
Antimicobials have been and are being used extensively in animal health and production to treat and/or prevent infections or diseases and as probiotics or antibiotic growth promoters. Most of these antimicrobials are similar in structure or formulary to those used for treatment of certain human infections or diseases. Indiscriminate, improper or irrational use of antimicrobials in agriculture, especially in animal health, have been recognised as a source or sources of exposure to antimicrobial and antimicrobial residues and a contributory factor to the emergence or persistence of antimicrobial resistance in certain bacteria causing infections in humans. This paper reviews information on antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in animal health and production in Ghana, discusses the implications of these findings to human health and sets out recommendations to mitigate the situation.
- Oral Session 1
Location:
Chair
Claire Andreasen
Iowa State University, USA
Co-Chair
Kyle Schachtschneider
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Session Introduction
Laura Nathwani
University of Manchester, UK
Title: A systematic review of current antimicrobial usage in global aquaculture
Biography:
Laura Nathwani graduated from The Royal Veterinary College in 2005 with a degree in veterinary medicine and biological sciences. She has completed 8 years in small animal practice both in private practice and working for a small animal veterinary charity. In 2013 she undertook a Masters in Global Health at The University of Manchester where she completed her dissertation on the usage of antimicrobials in aquaculture.
Abstract:
Aquaculture is currently the fastest growing agricultural sector due to increased global demand for high quality protein with most growth in Asia, particularly China. It is also one of the most intensive farming practices and is as such susceptible to antimicrobial overuse. There are concerns that antimicrobial stewardship in these emerging economies is at best unknown and at worst insufficiently regulated and the risk is that antimicrobial usage may keep pace with aquaculture expansion. If this is the case, the impacts are huge. There is a growing body of evidence linking antimicrobial usage in aquaculture, through a complex web of other aquatic species and the environment, to antimicrobial resistance in people. Given the already substantial rates of infectious disease globally, especially in countries that can least afford them, adding an increase in antimicrobial resistance could result in a humanitarian crisis. The objective of this review was to collect and analyze the most current data on antimicrobial usage in global aquaculture. A comprehensive literature search was used to identify all countries where sufficient quantitative data was available, followed up by more country specific searches to locate the primary data or review. All available information about their antimicrobial usage in aquaculture was extracted and the data was compiled into a table. It was only possible to do descriptive comparisons between most countries as the data collected was of unproven validity and reliability and was neither collected using similar methods nor presented in a consistent format that would have allowed trends to be analyzed or comparisons or generalizations made. It was found that information on the methodologies used for data collection and analysis is severely lacking in the scientific literature. It also highlighted the dearth of countries that collect accurate antimicrobial sales data in aquaculture or monitor end-point usage. It is vital to ensure antimicrobial stewardship practices, are responsible now, before any potential problems burgeon. To do this a benchmark of current antimicrobial use is needed to inform priorities that need to be urgently addressed and to allow measurement of the impact of future programs. This is a preliminary report of baseline data which may be used by animal health industries to develop and measure success in, approaches to maximize the life of antimicrobials for animal health and welfare.
Biography:
Asem M Atwa has completed his PhD in Veterinary Microbiology. He invented a patent vaccine for poultry necrotic enteritis. He worked as Laboratory Director at veterinary quarantine. Now, he is working as Researcher at Animal Medical Center.
Abstract:
Objective: Studying the clinical efficacy of intra-articular and intravenous injection of LED activated ADMSC in improving the comfort and mobility of dogs with hip OA.
Design: Each case selected were previously scheduled for excision arthroplasty surgery, however the owners were more inclined to consider a less invasive method in managing the pain and lameness. LED activated ADMSC was offered as an alternative.
Case Description: Clinical report applied on a random selection of 8 dogs of different age and breed diagnosed with coxofemoral OA.
Clinical Finding: Pain, lameness and limited range of motion were present in all cases. 2 cases had signs of muscle atrophy, joint laxity and osteoarthritis. The remaining 6 cases had signs of hip osteoarthritis and muscle atrophy only with OAS scores ranging from Grade 2 to Grade 5.
Outcomes: The pain, lameness and mobility were assessed using osteoarthritis scores (OAS), orthopedic evaluation score chart (OES) and distraction index (DI) techniques. These evaluations were applied at pretreatment, 1, 2, 3, 12 and 24 months post-treatment. All cases in this study showed clinical improvement 30 days after LED activated ADMSC administration. The mean value of OES, DI and OAS showed significantly improved up to 12 months. However, no clinical improvements or changes in mobility or pain scores were shown for the next 12 months.
Clinical Relevance: All cases showed obvious clinical improvements for a period up to 1-year post-therapy. Improvements were noted on the OES scores through reduced pain and stiffness and improved mobility and activity.
F Laabassi
University of Batna, Algeria
Title: Molecular evidence of circulation of Equine herpes viruses in Algeria
Biography:
F Laabassi has been working as a Senior Lecturer at the University of Batna, Algeria.
Abstract:
Introduction: Equine herpes viruses belong to the family Herpesviridae. To date, five herpesviruses have been described as pathogenic and responsible for multiple clinical manifestations in horses: Equine herpes virus 1 (EHV1: equine abortion virus), Equine herpes virus 3 (EHV3: equine coital exanthema virus) Equine herpes virus 4 (EHV4: Equine rhinopneumonia virus), belonging to the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, and Equine herpes virus 2 (EHV2) and Equine herpes virus 5 (EHV5) both belonging to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential rule of equine herpesviruses during an episode of acute equine respiratory infection reported in the beginning of 2011 in Tiaret (West province of Algeria).
Materials & Methods: 100 nasal swabs (NS) were collected from horses aged between 1 to 27 years, presenting with cough and mucopurulent nasal discharge) between February and March 2011. These NS were all analyzed for the presence of Equine herpes viruses (EHV1, EHV2, EHV4 and EHV5) by quantitative PCR methods (qPCR). Two other equine respiratory viruses, equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine viral arteritis virus (EAV) were also investigated. Each PCR targeted a virus-specific conserved genome: The glycoprotein B coding sequence for EHVs 1, 2, 4 and 5, the matrix protein (M1) for EIV and the nucleoprotein (N) for EAV.
Results: One, or more, of four equine respiratory viruses were detected concomitantly in the nasal swabs of 90 of 100 horses (90%) and the detection rate of Equine herpes viruses type 1 (EHV-1), Equine herpes virus type 4 (EHV-4), Equine herpes virus type 2 (EHV- 2) and Equine herpes virus type 5 (EHV-5) were 2%, 14%, 90% and 75%, respectively. Equine influenza virus and equine arteritis virus were not detected in any samples. Among the 90 infected horses, 70 were co-infected with EHV-2 and EHV-5 and 14 others were co-infected with EHV-4, EHV-2 and EHV-5. The present study shows a positivity rate of 97.3% for EHV-5 in young horses aged <3 years, a finding which decreased with age. Viral load of EHV-5 was significantly higher in <3 years whereas no effect of age was observed with EHV-2.
Conclusion & Discussion: The present study demonstrates that equine respiratory viruses (EHV-1, -4, -2 and -5), are present in horses in Algeria. This study shows the first detection of equine respiratory viral infection and the first quantification of EHV-2 and EHV-5 genomes in equine respiratory fluids by a qPCR tests within Algeria.
Khan MA Samad
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh
Title: Strategic supplementation with urea molasses block to improve production and reproductive efficiency in straw based diet cows
Biography:
Khan MA Samad has completed his PhD from the University of Aberdeen, UK and Post-doctoral studies from the University of Paderboron, Soest, Germany. Presently, he is the Professor of Dairy Cattle Production, Department of Dairy Science at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. His special interest is on feed supplementation for milk production and reproduction in milking animals. He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals of both national and international and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute. Moreover, he is the Member of many scientific societies of the world.
Abstract:
In smallholder production system, a major constraint to milk production is the seasonality forced on cow by inadequate feeding during dry season in Bangladesh. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a cost effective supplementary feeding system for poor quality roughage based cattle production. Urea molasses block (UMB) supplementation may be a technology to solve the nutritional inadequacy. 60 crossbred (Holstein Friesian x zebu) lactating cows of 31 smallholder farms were studied to evaluate the effectiveness of UMB during dry (November to April) and rainy season (May to October). Cows were stall-fed and reared mainly on rice straw. Cows of one group received basal diet kept as control (-UMB) and another group received UMB as supplemented group (+UMB) in both seasons. Intake of straw was increased significantly (p<0.05) in supplemented cows of both in dry and rainy season as 1.2 and 0.77 kg/day, respectively. Other nutrients - DM, CP, ME intake was also increased. It was found that milk production in supplemented cows maintained higher magnitude as 1.54 kg/d and 0.73 kg/d in both dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Higher body weight gain of cows was found in dry season (135 g/d) than in rainy season (50 g/d). Similarly, weight gain of calves of supplemented cows was increased significantly (p<0.01). Interval from calving to first estrus was reduced by 31 (166 vs. 135) and 19 (157 vs. 138) days in dry and rainy season, respectively (p>0.05). This result indicates that UMB supplementation is more beneficial to the farmers in dry season.
Hassan Kermanshahi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Title: Effect of aflatoxin B1 and three potential adsorbents on intestinal morphology in broiler chicks
Biography:
Hasan Kermanshahi has completed PhD in Saskatchewan University, Canada and has been working as a Professor for more than 20 years in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. He has published more than 115 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
One of the most important mycotoxins which are produced by toxigenic strains of different Aspergillus spp. is aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The aim of this 3-wk study was to evaluate the ability of sodium bentonite (NaB), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Lactobasillus rhamnosus strain GG (LAB) to alleviate the deleterious effects of AFB1 on intestinal morphology in broiler chicks. 321 day old as hatched broilers (Ross 308) were maintained in the cage litter and allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. A completely randomized design was used with 5 replicate pens of 8 chicks assigned to each of 8 dietary treatments from hatch to 21 days. Dietary treatments included: basal diet (BD) with no AFB1 or any binder, contaminated diet (CD) with AFB1 (2 mg/kg of feed), 3, 4, BD supplemented with NaB (0.5%), yeast and LAB 6, 7, CD supplemented with NaB (0.5%), yeast and LAB. Morphological characteristics were measured at different segments of intestinal lumen. AFB1 decreased the villus height (700.05) in jejunum and villus height (2.71) to crypt depth ratio (3.68) in jejunum and ilium in comparison with control (P<0.05). However, addition of three binders could partially increase these features. In conclusion, it is suggested by this study that in feed contaminated with AFB1, the use of sodium bentonite, yeast and LAB is an efficient strategy to reduce the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks.
R T Kridli
Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan
Title: The effect of ginger administration on body weight and ovarian changes in pre pubertal female rats
Biography:
R T Kridli has completed his PhD from New Mexico State University. He has been a faculty member at the Dept. of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology since 1996. He has spent 5 years at the Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph as a Visiting Scholar and later as a Research Associate. He has published more than 60 papers in reputed journals mainly in the area of animal reproduction.
Abstract:
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on growth, ovarian weight and blood metabolites of pre-pubertal female rats. 24 Sprague Dawley rats were used in the present study. Rats were 25 days of age and weighed 45.6±5 g at the beginning of the study. Two rats were placed in each cage in a temperature-controlled room and offered feed on ad libitum basis. Rats were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=8); control (CON, no ginger), 50 mg ginger/kg of body weight (G50) and 100 mg ginger/kg of body weight (G100). After adaptation, the CON group received distilled water, while the experimental groups received the designated ginger dose (gavage) daily for 30 days. All animals were sacrificed at the end of the 30-day period for blood (cardiac puncture) and reproductive tract collection. Body weight and size were affected by date of collection (P<0.01) but not by ginger supplementation. Body weight change was numerically greater in the G50 group. Blood glucose and urea nitrogen were similar among groups while cholesterol tended to decrease (P<0.10) as the ginger dosage increased. Weight of the right ovaries were similar while the G100 had smaller (P<0.05) left ovaries than the remaining groups. Reproductive tract weights tended to be greater (P=0.10) in the G50 than in the CON group while the G100 group was intermediate. Results of the present study indicate that ginger administration to pre-pubertal female rats tends to decrease serum cholesterol, with higher doses negatively affecting ovarian development.
Selvinaz Yakan
Agrı Cbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey
Title: Protective effects of Hypericum perforatum and Nigella sativa in experimental testicular torsion
Biography:
Selvinaz Yakan is an expert in Veterinary Surgery. She has completed her PhD at Kafkas University, and currently working as Associate Professor at Agri Ibrahim Cecen University of Eleskirt Celal Oruc School of Animal Production, Animal Health Department, Ağrı, Turkey. She focuses on pain, veterinary ophthalmology, wound healing, veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Abstract:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of Hypericum perforatum (HP) and Nigella sativa (NS) which are antioxidant and tissue protective with the biochemical and histopathological changes in experimental ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rat testis tissue. The research was carried out on 30 adult male Wistar albino rats. Rats were randomly separated into 3 main groups, each group consisted of 10 animals. Control group (torsion but no topical agent) with HP and NS groups applied 25 mg/kg HP and NS intraperitoneally 30 minutes before torsion. In all the groups torsion was created by rotating only left testis at an angle of 720 degrees clockwise for 2 hours. Torsion was maintained by fixing the left testis in the scrotum with a 4-0 silk suture and then the incision was closed. Following 2 hours torsion the left testis detorsion and replaced in the scrotum for 4 hours. At the end of the experiment, the left testis removed for measurement of markers of oxidative stress and histopathological examination. In the HP and NS groups, malondialdeyhde (MDA) concentration was significantly lower, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly higher than control group. Both HP and NS have protective against I/R damage of the left testis, but the protective effects of NS was found to be higher than that of HP.
Mian A Hafeez
University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Pakistan
Title: Genome structure sharing by reptiles and avians as of Isospora from bearded dragon and black throated laughing thrush
Biography:
Mian A Hafeez has completed his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM), MPhil and his PhD from University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. He did his Post-doctoral studies from University of Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, Canada and continued working for seven years as Diagnostic Molecular Parasitologist. Currently, he is working as Associate Professor (visiting, on leave from Ontario Veterinary College) in University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.
Abstract:
The complete mitochondrial genome of Isospora amphiboluri and Isospora sp. n. (Eimeriidae, Coccidia, Apicomplexa) were sequenced. These coccidia infect the bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps (Sauria: Agamidae) and black throated laughing thrush Garrulax chinensis (Aves: Passeriformes) respectively. PCR was performed post DNA extraction and protein estimation by Nanodrop. The Whole Genome was achieved in fragments and assembled. Genome organization and gene content was conventional. The circular-mapping mt genome of Isospora amphiboluri is 6264bp and Isospora sp. n. 6158bp in length consisting of 3 protein coding genes (cox1, cox3 and cytb), 19 gene fragments encoding large subunit (LSU) rRNA and 14 gene fragments encoding small subunit (SSU) rRNA. Like other Apicomplexan, no tRNA was encoded. The comparable mitochondrial genome sequences and structures of Isospora and Eimeria species confirm the close relationship between these eimeriid genera of apicomplexan parasites. Investigation of Eimeria genes intricate the basic biology and host-parasite interaction and highlights adaptations to a comparatively simple developmental life cycle. The purpose of this study was to sequence and annotate the complete mitochondrial genomes of Isospora amphiboluri and Isospora sp. n that commonly infect bearded dragon and black throated laughing thrush.
Nadine Al-Jumaa
Agricultural Ministry of Iraq, Iraq
Title: Effect of sitagliptin on serum lipid profile in male rabbits exposed to 1% Hydrogen peroxide-fructose
Biography:
Nadine Al-Jumaa is a veterinarian working as a supervisor and a mentor at the Major Iraqi Poultry Projects Department- the Ministry of Agriculture of Iraq. She has completed her master’s degree in Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry from College of Veterinary Medicine-University of Baghdad in 2015. She has completed the bachelor degree in Veterinary Medicine and Surgery in 2009 from College of Veterinary Medicine- University of Baghdad too. Her Masters project was about anti-diabetic medicine, and she is willing to do more researches related with the humans-animals health in the future.
Abstract:
This study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of sitagliptin in Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)/fructose exposed male rabbits. Twenty one (21) adult male rabbits were randomly and equally divided into three groups (T1, T2 and T3) and were treated for 45 days as follows: Group T1 (Control group), rabbits in groups T2 and T3 were given 40% fructose -1% H2O2 in drinking water. In addition to fructose and H2O2, 1.5 mg/kg B.W of sitagliptin were administered orally to rabbits in group (T3). Fasting (8-12 hrs) blood samples were collected by heart puncture technique at 0, 45 days of the experiment for measuring total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TAG) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) concentration. In addition, body weight and waist circumference was measured weekly as marker for central obesity. The results revealed that exposure of rabbits to 40% fructose -1% H2O2 in drinking water (T2 group) caused a case of dyslipidemia manifested by a significant elevation in serum (TC), (TAG), (LDL-C) and (VLDL-C) concentration in addition to depression (HDL-C) concentration and a significant elevation in body weight and waist circumference. Hypolipidemic effect of sitagliptin, was clarified in group (T3), and manifested by restoring of previous parameters leading to correction in the case of dyslipidemia, body weight and central obesity. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm the ameliorative role of Sitagliptin against deleterious effect of fructose/ H2O2 in adult male rabbits.
Luansha Hu
Zhejiang University, China
Title: Intervarietal fecal microbiota transplantation from local adult pigs to newborn piglets
Biography:
Luansha Hu has received her Bachelor's degree from South China Agricultural University and is studying for a Master's degree at Zhejiang University. She is majoring in Animal Nutrition and Feed Science.
Abstract:
There are enormous amount of microbes in the gut of animal. When the intestine got affected by the change of gut microbiota diversity and balance, the whole body system can get affected. Diseases caused by imbalance of intestinal microbiota can be treated by treatments involving microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotic and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). This study was conducted to investigate the effect of intervarietal FMT on recipient piglets. Twelve litters of Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY) piglets of the same birth and parity were weighed and divided into two groups. One group (recipient piglets) were oral inoculated with suspension daily from 1 to 11 days, the other (control) were given orally to the same volume of sterile physiological saline, the feeding trial lasted 27 days. The results showed that recipient piglets had higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria than control. Compared with control, relative abundance of Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Oscillospira, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae in recipient piglets were increased. Compared with control, Sutterella, Escherichia, Bacteroides, Fusobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Pasteuriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Veillonellaceae were lower. FMT decreased diarrhea incidence of recipient piglets during the experiment. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth in small intestine of the FMT was increased. FMT increased the optical density of sIgA+ cell in the colon of FMT. The number of goblet cells in the ileum and colon of recipient piglets were also increased compared with control. The expression of MUC2 in ileum and colon of recipient piglets were higher than control. Compared with control, TLR2 and TLR4 receptors in the colon mucosa of recipient piglets were increased. The expressions of β-defensin 2 in ileum of recipient piglets were higher than control. These results indicated that FMT can not only change the structure of intestinal microbiota of the recipient, but also promote the development of intestinal mucosa, and thus enhance resistance to disease of recipient, thereby promoting the growth performance of the recipient piglets.
- Oral Session 2
Location: Frederick
Chair
Paa Kobina Turkson
University of Ghana, Ghana
Co-Chair
Yusuf L Henuk
Sumatera Utara University, Indonesia
Session Introduction
Hasan Kermanshahi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
Title: Effect of different levels of nanomicelle curcumin on serum biochemical and immunology parameters of laying hens
Biography:
Hasan Kermanshahi has completed his PhD in Saskatchewan University and has been working as a Professor for more than 20 years in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. He has published more than 115 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary nanomicelles curcumin on serum biochemical parameters and immune system of laying hens. For this purpose, a total of 160 laying hens of Hy-Line strain were used in a completely randomized design, including 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 hens each. Birds were 60 weeks old and experiment period was 8 weeks. Dietary treatments were a basal diet without nano curcumin (control) and diets containing 400, 800 and 1200 mg nanomicelles curcumin per kg. The evaluation of serum biochemical parameters was conducted in week 4 and 8. Serum immunology factors were also evaluated after SRBC injection (in week six) and blood sampling in seventh and eighth weeks of trial period which improved immune system (P<0.05). By investigating serum biochemical parameters in the middle of experiment it was revealed that ALT and AST concentration significantly decreased (P<0.05) under the effect of low-dose nano curcumin. Concentration of cholesterol, LDL and HDL: LDL ratio were affected by nanomicelle consuming levels (P<0.05) at the end of experiment. Level of 400 mg of nano curcumin showed best immune response compared to control and levels of 800 and 1200 mg. The results of this study generally showed that using different levels of nano curcumin specifically in the low level (400 mg) reduced lipids profile of serum and improved hepatic enzyme activities and immunity system in the final weeks of the experiment.
Asem M Atwa
Animal Medical Center, Malaysia
Title: Prevalence of FIV and FeLV infection in Malaysia: A retrospective study from 2010-2016
Biography:
Asem M Atwa has completed his PhD in Veterinary Microbiology. He invented a patent vaccine for poultry necrotic enteritis. He worked as Laboratory Director at veterinary quarantine. Now, he is working as Researcher at Animal Medical Center.
Abstract:
Background: In Malaysia, cat ownership is very popular with most feline owners keeping on average 2-3 cats, with some exceeding 10 cats per household. As FIV and FeLV are two clinically important viral infections in cats, prevalence of these diseases would be important for both veterinarians and the public sector.
Objective & Design: Retrospective study using domesticated cats in Malaysia to determine the seroprevalence of FIV and FeLV and risk factors associated with these infections. Between 2010 and 2016, a total of 2230 samples were collected and tested. Samples were tested at the Animal Medical Center, Malaysia for FIV antibodies and FeLV antigen using commercially available ELISA test kits.
Results: 10.03% (224/2230, 95% CI=8.80-11.26) were seropositive for FIV, 11.97% (267/2230; 95% CI=10.62-13.32) were seropositive for FeLV; and 2.6% (58/2230; 95% CI=2.01-3.17) for seropositive for both. Risk factor was adult male cats.
Conclusion: The prevalence of FIV and FeLV in Malaysia is common and as it could represent a considerable clinical concern in domesticated cats, vaccinations should be routinely given. Because of the immunosuppressive potentials of both viruses, proper control strategies from screening and routine vaccination, eradication and education programs should be also applied.
Selvinaz Yakan
Agrı Cbrahim Çeçen University, Turkey
Title: Time depend effect of isoflurane anaesthesia on total antioxidant capacity in calves
Biography:
Selvinaz Yakan has graduated at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicina Fırat University, Turkey. She completed her PhD research on the comparison of the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane general anaesthesia after induction by propofol on clinical and physiological measurements in calves, Kafkas University, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Turkey. She currently holds a post at the Department of Animal Health, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University of Eleskirt Celal Oruc Animal Production School, Agri, Turkey. She is an expert in large ruminant surgery and clinical sciences.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of isoflurane on total antioxidant capacity in calves. The research was carried out on 15 calves, from newborns to 3-months-old, in operations performed for a variety of reasons. For induction, isoflurane was given at 3-5% concentration via mask during 15 minutes. Then, endotracheal intubation was performed and the maintenance was set to a concentration of 1.5-3% isoflurane in 100% oxygen two hours period. Blood samples were taken at 30 and 75 minutes, after the induction, before of anaesthesia, during two hours isoflurane anaesthesia and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Blood samples were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes at +4°C and the serum samples were obtained. The samples were maintained at -20°C until analyses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using commercial kits using a spectrophotometer (Eo Biotex, USA). There was no significant difference recorded on TAC during isoflurane anaesthesia. It was determined the isoflurane anesthesia had no adverse effect on total antioxidant capacity in calves.
Shiro Kushibiki
National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Japan
Title: Rumen lipopolysaccharide activity is decreased by lactoferrin feeding in lactating dairy cows
Biography:
Shiro Kushibiki has completed his PhD from Tohoku University and Post-doctoral studies from National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science (NILGS). He is an Associate Director of Ruminant Metabolism Unit of NILGS. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and is serving as a Professor of Tsukuba University.
Abstract:
Feeding high-grain diets to induce subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows has consistently been associated with increase in the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin originating from Gram-negative bacteria in rumen fluid, and of acute phase proteins, including LPS-binding protein (LBP), in peripheral blood. Changes in the levels of acute phase proteins and LBP are indicative of a systemic immune response, possibly due to the translocation of LPS from the digestive tract. Lactoferrin (LF) is an important modulator of the immune response and inflammation. In vitro studies have shown that LF inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response. We investigated the effect of bovine LF feeding on rumen LPS level and pH and plasma LBP in lactating dairy cows. 24 Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups: LF (10 g/day) feeding group (n=12) and LF (0 g/day, control) group (n=12) during 3 and 12 weeks after the parturition. Cows were fed a close-up total mixed ration (120% of TDN requirement). Postpartum, cows were fed the same close-up diet and commercial concentrate (NDF 33%, 100% of TDN requirement). Wireless ruminal pH sensors were used to obtain ruminal pH profiles (10 min interval) 3 weeks prior to calving until 9 weeks postpartum. Cows were considered to have SARA if the total below pH 5.8 was ≥180 min/day. Rumen LPS activity was lower (P<0.05) in the LF feeding group than in the control group at 12 weeks after parturition. Plasma LBP concentration was lower (P<0.05) in the LF feeding group than in the control group at 8 and 12 weeks after parturition. There were no significant differences in body weight, dry matter intake, milk yields, and rumen volatile fatty acids concentration in both groups. Cows in LF and control group had similar pH profile in lactating period, the amount of time at pH≥5.8 (67 vs. 81 min; SEM 0.45) and SARA cow was one of them in each group. Our results indicated that bovine LF feeding decreased rumen LPS activity and plasma LBP concentration in dairy cows after parturition.
Biography:
Arya Badiei has been working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Iran.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive efficacy of Shortened Ovsynch (SOv) protocol in terms of service rate, conception rate and pregnancy rate with Ovsynch (OS) and Heatsynch (HS) protocols. A randomized field trial was conducted in 4 commercial dairy farms in Tehran province of Iran. Cows (n=1974) were randomly selected among those which determined non-pregnant 30 to 37 d after artificial insemination or cows which weren’t inseminated until 60 days after parturition. The animals then were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Cows assigned to the treatment group, followed SOv protocol (n=891) (D-0: PGF2α, Day-2: GnRH, 16-18 hours later TAI). Whereas Cows in control group were randomly assigned to OS (n=422) (D-0: GnRH, D-7: PGF2α, Day-9: GnRH, 16-18 hours later TAI) or HS (n=661) (D-0: GnRH, D-7: PGF2α, Day-9: Estradiol Benzoate, AI based on estrus detection) protocols. All cows had a CL larger than 20 mm, and a follicle between 10 and 20 mm prior initiation of the treatment. Otherwise, they would recheck 3-7 days later, until having the right size follicle and CL on their ovaries prior the initiation of the protocols. Pregnancy status of all cows was checked 30 to 37 d after AI by Ultrasonography; cows determined non-pregnant after initial enrollment, were again enrolled in the experiment, and randomly assigned to the treatment groups. Service rate (SR), conception rate (CR) and pregnancy rate (PR) was calculated for all 3 protocols. The PR of SOv-treated cows (33.67%) were higher compared to control groups (PR in OS and HS protocols were 28.67% and 27.68% respectively). The SR was significantly higher in SOv protocol, compared to HS. The CR was higher in SOv compared to both OS and HS protocols. Conclusively, the SOv protocol showed to be more reproductive and efficient compared to protocol, in terms of PR, CR and SR. It also showed higher CR and PR compared to OS protocol. The SOv protocol also could be more cost beneficial when compared to the other 2 protocols, due to shorter duration, lesser hormone injections, higher reproductive performance and being TAI based, which needs detailed economic evaluations to confirm.
Ahmed Gaffer Hegazi
National Research Centre, Egypt
Title: Therapeutic modality employing apitherapy for controlling mastitis
Biography:
Ahmed Gaffer Hegazi is currently a Professor of Microbiology and Immunology in the National Research Center, Egypt. He received his Master’s degree in 1979 and his PhD in 1981. His research work has been focused lately on bee products and their therapeutic effects. He organized and contributed to national and international research projects since 1977 and up till now; he has been the Principal Investigator on multiple research projects within the National Research Center. He has published 211 scientific papers and articles in national and international journals. He also served on the board of multiple national and international scientific journals. He is also the President of the Egyptian Environmental Society for Uses and Production of Bee Products, Secretary of the Egyptian Society of Apitherapy, Secretary General of the African Federation of Apiculture Associations, and a member of the International Apitherapy Commission (APIMONDIA).
Abstract:
The purpose of the current study was to use a therapeutic modality employing apitherapy for controlling of mastitis. Isolation and identification of mastitis causing bacteria from milk samples of mastitic cows and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of propolis in relation to antibiogram profile. A total of 160 quarter milk samples were collected from 40 dairy cows in two farms. California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell counts (SCC) and microbiological examination of milk was used to identify and confirm mastitis cases. The main pathogenic isolates were Gram positive as Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactia, Corynebacterium bovis and Enterococcus faecalis. Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp., Pasteurella spp. and Proteus spp. The antibiogram profile was done to determine the most effective antimicrobial agents against mastitis causing bacteria. Application of propolis and royal jelly which showed the potent antimicrobial activity against most of the pathogens isolates from mastitis.
Ashraf M A Barakat
National Research Center, Egypt
Title: Major bacterial fish borne zoonosis isolated from undercooked, smoked and salted Egyptian fishes
Biography:
Ashraf M A Barakat has been working as a Professor and the Head of the department of Zoonotic Diseases in National Research Center, Egypt since 2011. He received his B.Sc. in Veterinary Medicine in 1981 at Cairo University, Egypt. He got M.Sc. in Infectious Diseases (Parasitology) in 1987 from Cairo University, Egypt. He obtained Ph.D. from Cairo University, Egypt in 1993 in Infectious Diseases (Parasitology). He has been the principal investigator on multiple research projects within the National Research Center. He also served on the board of multiple national and international scientific journals. His current research interests are Zoonotic diseases, Epidemiology, Molecular parasitology and Immuno-parasitology, Biological Control, DNA Technology, and Parasitology.
Abstract:
Methodology: A total of 425 fish samples were collected. Fresh Tilapia spp. (n=88), Barbecue Tilapia spp. (n=56), Barbecue Mackerel spp. (n=24), smoked (n=45) and salted Molouha (n=135), Faseikh (n=37) and Sardine spp. (n=40) were randomly obtained from retail fish shops in Alexandria, Ismailia, Cairo, Giza and Aswan governorates-Egypt. 2 mL of aseptic homogenate was prepared from 20 grams of each collected fish sample, which were used to spread in the growth media.
Results: Enumeration and isolation of the bacteria and moulds were done on salt agar, high-salt casein agar, and nutrient agar with 3% NaCl. Fish samples were recorded overall contamination values were: 10.2% in fresh fishes, 10.7% in barbecue Tilapia spp. , 8.3% in barbecue Mackerel, 22% in smoked fishes, 54.1% in salted Molouha, in 57.7% salted Faseikh and 30% in salted Sardine. Also, the overall occurrences of the different pathogens with their average bacterial count/gram tissue (ABC/gt) were: 40% Xerophilic mould (4x103), 14% Listeria monocytogenes (6x102), 8% Salmonella spp. (9x 102), 9% E. coli (7x102), 15% V. parahaemolyticus (3x103), 22% Staphylococcus aureus (2x 103) and 28% Halophilic bacteria (6x 103). No coliforms and Salmonella spp. were detected in salted fishes, Molouha, Faseikh and Sardine. The optimum NaCl range for growth was 2-10% among isolates. While the optimum range of pH was found to be 7-9. The optimal growth temperature of isolates was 30°C.
Conclusion: From this study we concluded that bacteria and mould zoonosis have been identified over the permissible limits in Egyptian salted and smoked fishes higher than the fresh and undercooked ones, which reflects public health hazards and the necessity of extraordinary Egyptian health supervision and establishment of microbiological standards for safety consumes.
Eman H Abdel-Rahman
National Research Center, Egypt
Title: Insight into development of fasciola vaccines
Biography:
Eman H Abdel-Rahman is currently working as Professor in National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt since 2005. In 1990, she was appointed as Assistant Researcher at the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. In 1995, she was appointed as Researcher at the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. In 2000, she was appointed as Associate Professor at the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. In 2005, she was appointed as Professor at the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. She received her BSc in Zoology in 1981 at Cairo University, Egypt, MSc in Immunoparasitology in 1990 from Cairo University, Egypt and obtained PhD from Cairo University, Egypt in 1995 in Immunoparasitology. Her current research interests are Immunoparasitology, Biological Control, DNA Technology, Glycoprotein Antigens and Parasitology.
Abstract:
Despite progress in technologies of vaccine development and multiple developed vaccine candidates against fasciolosis, there are no commercial vaccines of fasciola infections yet. This failure probably attributed to choice of antigen, choice of adjuvant, route of delivery, dose and production costs. Among the major potential vaccine candidates are fatty acid binding proteins, cathepsin proteases, glutathione S-transferases, haemoglobulin, thioredoxin peroxidase, leucine aminopeptidase and a saposin-like proteins. Fasciola parasite can potentially evade host immune responses. This immune modulation explains the slow host response and some times poor protection. Function neutralization of Fasciola immunomodulatory molecules is essential for development of anti- Fasciola protective immunity. Updated knowledge of immune modulation by Fasciola parasite of different hosts, defining what progress is being made on the use of helminth immunomodulators in vaccination and what effect this helminth infections has on host immune competence will be presented.
Jawaria Khan
University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Pakistan
Title: Correlation of serum electrolytes and trace elements in diarrheic small ruminants
Biography:
Jawaria Khan has been working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University of veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Ruminant diarrhea causes mortality and heavy economic losses. Fecal losses of electrolytes in combination with losses of water, reduced dietary intake and probable translocation between intracellular and extra cellular compartments were the main causes of serum electrolytes and trace element changes in diarrheic ruminants. Present study was carried out at different livestock farms i.e. Talha Farm Hadiyara, Muqeem Dairy and goat farm, Burki and different herds in village Deo Sani which is situated in peri urban areas of Lahore for the duration of three months. A total of 100 small ruminants (n=50 sheep; n=50 goats) suffering from clinical diarrhea due to irrespective cause were included in this study. Five sheep and five goats will be kept under negative control. Data was collected from each sheep and goat regarding species, breed, age, sex, temperature, heart rate, housing system, feeding system, body condition score, and fecal score on pre-designed performa. Blood and serum sample was collected from hematology and serum biochemistry for Ca, Cu, Na, Li, K and Fe using hematological analyzer and atomic absorption spectrophotometry respectively. Analysis of variance tests (ANOVA) was used to compare breeds serum electrolytes, trace elements after diarrhea. Ca levels in serum of diarrheic sheep shows the significant difference between breeds, non-significant with age as well as non-significant difference with sex. While in case of goats it showed non-significant difference between breeds, significantly different among age groups and nonsignificantly different between different sexes of diarrheic animals. The serum level of Na increases in case of diarrhea, while K level decreases in small ruminants along with significant co-relation of PCV and copper. In non-diarrheic sheep copper and packed cell volume correlation is significant and correlation is negative, while in case of non-diarrheic goats the correlation is negative and data is insignificant. The serum copper and packed cell volume correlation is significant in case of diarrheic and sheep and goats.
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar
University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
Title: Haematological and histopathological studies during infertility in rabbits
Biography:
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar has completed his PhD in Parasitology from the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore-Pakistan. He is the Chairman of Pathobiology Department at College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang. He has published more than 45 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Co-ordinator to the private poultry and livestock sector of Pakistan. He is always ambitious and commited to his responsibilities.
Abstract:
The current study demonstrated the effects of lead and cadmium on the histopathological changes that occur on visceral organs and hematological parameters of the rabbits during infertility. 60 male rabbits (7- 8 months of age) weighing 1-1½ kg were selected. They were divided into group A and B consisting of 27 rabbits each and six animals served as control. Group A were orally fed with lead acetate, nine rabbits having the same concentration (10, 20, 30 mg/kg). Group B was orally fed with cadmium chloride, nine rabbits getting the same concentration (3, 6, 9 mg/kg). The dose was given once a day and for five days of a week. Blood was weekly collected to check the changes in hematological values. The animals were sacrificed after three weeks of experiment and their organs (lungs, liver, heart, kidneys and testes) were collected for histopathological studies. All the hematological parameters were significantly affected by the doses except the MCHC values in rabbits fed with 30 mg/kg Pb-acetate and 3 mg/kg CdCl2. Lungs were the most affected organs as most of the absorption of these heavy metals occurs through respiratory tract. In our experiment, kidneys are the least affected organs by these metals. The harmful effects of these heavy metals on the hematology and visceral organs have made us to ponder about the reduction of sources exposing us to these substances. In this way not only humans but also other sensitive creature on earth can be prevented from their accumulation in the body.
- Poster Presentations
Location: Frederick
Session Introduction
Joon-Seok Chae
Seoul National University, Korea
Title: Survey of Ornithodoros spp. in western and southern islands of the republic of Korea
Biography:
Joon-Seok Chae has completed his DVM, MS, PhD from Chonbuk National University and Post-doctoral studies from Texas A&M University and University of California-Davis. He is the Professor of College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. He has published more than 170 papers in reputed journals and serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute. His recent interesting research areas are tick-borne zoonotic pathogens (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Borrelia, tick-borne encephalitis and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, etc.).
Abstract:
Tick-borne diseases have been thought to be important in Medical and Veterinary Medicine. The genus Ornithodoros spp., which is included in Family Argasidae, is usually associated with wild animals including seabirds and it was difficult to investigate because of the location of seabirds’ nests are inaccessible. However, Ornithodoros spp. has been known for the vector of many diseases including African swine fever virus. In this study, nest, soil and litter of seabirds were collected from 10 islands in western and southern part of the Republic of Korea from July to August in 2017, known for breeding places of migratory birds, to investigate Ornithodoros species. Each time a survey was conducted, less than 10 nest, soil and litter of seabirds was collected from one island for the conservation of islands environment. Ticks were collected from nest, soil and litter of seabirds using Tullgren funnel. In total, 28 Ornithodoros spp. ticks from 70 seabird's (black-tailed gull, Larus crassirotris; and band-rumped strom petrel, Oceanodroma castro) nesting soil and litter in 4 islands (Chilsan-island, Chilbal-island, Gugul-island and Nan-island) were collected. To identify the species of Ornithodoros spp. ticks, the sequence of Ornithodoros spp. from our study showed 95% identity to Ornithodoros sawaii (KT372790) and Ornithodoros capensis (AB076080) based on 16S rRNA and 99% identity to Ornithodoros capensis (KR907243) based on 18S rRNA. Previous studies have found Ornithodoros sp. only in Chilsan Island, this study found Ornithodoros spp., in four uninhabited islands that are breeding places of migratory birds in western and southern islands of the Republic of Korea.
Luis Eduardo Maggi
Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil
Title: Analysis of the thermal field in femoral quadriceps phantom of small domestic animals using three different brands of therapeutic ultrasound
Biography:
Luis Eduardo Maggi has Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from the Federal University of Goiás (1995), a Master's Degree in Biomedical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (1999) and a PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2011). He is currently a class A-level Adjunct Professor at the Federal University of Acre.
Abstract:
The aim of this work was to perform the comparative analysis of the thermal effect of therapeutic ultrasound (TU) on the femoral quadriceps phantom of small domestic animals. Firstly, canine femoral quadriceps model (phantom) was made, and to mimic the bone, a PVC pipe was placed inside it. Firstly, the phantom was placed in a water bath to resemble the normal temperature of the animal (37°C to 39°C), which was submitted to three different brands of TU (Sonomed IV, Sonic and Sonopulse Ibramed) with 3 MHz frequency of intensity of 1 W/cm2 for 5 minutes. In order to identify the overheating in the applied region, the thermal images were captured by an infrared camera (Flir Systems AB model), which were analyzed by Flir Tools software. After the analysis, it was verified that no overheating (above 45°C) occurred in any applications. With Sonopulse Ibramed apparatus, the maximum temperature with the closed state phantom was 44.1°C and opened state was 42.27°C. With the sonic, the maximum temperature reached was 44.3°C with closed phantom, it was the highest temperature between brands, and with the phantom opened the temperature reach 40.3°C.inally, the sonomed IV apparatus the maximum closed temperature was 40.73°C and 39.8°C opened. It was proved that there is no risk to apply therapeutic ultrasound with this intensity, but the phantom should be improved to reach the acoustic and thermal properties of the body.
Luis Eduardo Maggi
Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil
Title: A new technique by ultrasound to distinguish different types of cuts by longitudinal velocity
Biography:
Luis Eduardo Maggi has a Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences from the Federal University of Goiás (1995), a Master's degree in Biomedical Engineering (1999) and a PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (2011). He is currently a class A-level Adjunct Professor at the Federal University of Acre.
Abstract:
Beef is still the most widely consumed protein source in the world, but knowing how to distinguish different types of cuts is an uncommon factor for people in general. Based on it, trying to ensure that the customer is aware of the type of meat cut he is buying, this project proposes the development a technique by ultrasound to analyze the longitudinal velocity of 3 types of meat cuts from females of the Nellore breed, approximately 2 years of age. These cuts with average thickness of 0.87±0.05cm of distinct regions (strip loin, full rump and rump tail), were submerged in water and using transducers at 1.0 MHz (Olimpicus) whose emit ultrasonic pulses through the refringent medium and the sample, reaching the reflector located below it, returning later to the transducer. The signals were collected 5 times through a software developed in Labview platform. The results showed that strip loin velocity was 1594.32±15.37, full rump 1589.17±13.64 and rump tail 1591.53±8.15 m/s. The anova analysis at 0.05 shows p value of 0.818 and F of 0.20. There was no difference between the meat cuts longitudinal velocity, but the result obtained, despite the margin of insecurity, was satisfactory since the coefficient of variation in the 3 samples was 1%.
Paulo Alex Machado Carneiro
Michigan State University, USA
Title: Status of the Mycobacterium bovis and the interrelationship with human health in Amazonas State, Brazil
Biography:
Paulo Alex Machado Carneiro obtained a DVM degree by the Amazon Federal Rural University (1992), Master of Science degree at the University of Sao Paulo (2000), and currently is a PhD candidate in the Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program at Michigan State University. He has 25 years of experience teaching and 11 years of governance as President of the Amazonas State Board of Veterinary Medicine. He is Amazonas State representative at several regional and national meetings related to the public health, animal production, and disease surveillance. He also has experience and expertise in beef, dairy, and veterinary regulatory affairs in Brazil and the USA.
Abstract:
Brazilian national mortality and incidence rates were reduced by 38.9% (3.6 to 2.2/ 100,000) and 34.1% (51.8 to 33.2/100,000), respectively, from 1990 to 2015. In contrast to the national figures, in the Amazonas State the TB incidence rate have been rising in the last decade, reaching 67.2/100,000 persons in 2016 - the highest incidence in the country, third highest mortality rate due to TB (3.2/100.00). Despite the efforts of the local Amazonas authorities in diagnosing TB, and free access to treatment of TB, a significant reduction in TB cases has not been achieved. Alarmingly, the major risk factors associated with zoonotic TB (due to M. bovis), such as the occurrence of M. bovis, low rates of milk pasteurization, and high consumption of products from raw milk are routine in Amazonas’s municipalities, and physicians might be unaware of the risk of the occurrence of zoonotic infection, and therefore specific diagnosis is not requested. This project aims to uncover the contribution of M. bovis to human tuberculosis in Amazonas State. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) determine the prevalence of M. bovis in M. tuberculosis complex in animals in slaughterhouses (cattle and buffalo), human population, milk, and cheese from raw milk; and 2) determine the risk factors associated with the prevalence in humans. To date the preliminary results show that the disease is widespread and that the prevalence is much higher than predicted (81.4% vs 13%), indicating that the bovine tuberculosis is a significant problem in Amazonas State.
Glória Diniz Pires de Contreira
Universidade Federal do Acre, Brazil
Title: Analysis of ultrasonic attenuation as a technique to identify different types of meat cuts
Biography:
Glória Diniz Pires de Contreira is a student of Veterinary Medicine at the Federal University of Acre.
Abstract:
In order to strengthen the reliability in the sale and purchase of meat, it is necessary to certify the type of cuts bought by the customer. Therefore, the ultrasound was used to verify if the attenuation coefficient is an intrinsic acoustic property to each meat cuts, generating positive impacts in the modernization of the meat trade. Thus, the pulse-echo technique was employed using a function generator applying an electric pulse at 1.0 MHz in one transducer (Olimpicus) immersed in distilled water aligned with an aluminum reflector by positioners. An oscilloscope (TEKTRONIX TPS2024) connected to a computer via the USB port was used to save and process the signal. Three samples of each meat cuts (strip loin, full rump and rump tail) with average thickness of 0.87±0.05 cm were immerse in water at 26oC where the ultrasound signals were transmitted and receipt by transducer five times in order to determine the acoustic attenuation. The signals were acquired and processed by a software developed in Labview Platform. The results showed that strip loin attenuation was 3.15±1.08, full rump 1.35±1.07 and rump tail 2.37±1.20 dB/cm2. The anova analysis at α 0.05 shows p-value of 0.072 and F of 3.28. There was no difference between the meat cuts attenuation, but maybe this is due to technical difficulties. Some technical improvements can be made.
Ara Cho
National Institute of Animal Science, Korea
Title: A prospective study to investigate risk factors for calf diarrhea in Korea
Biography:
Ara Cho has completed her PhD from Jeonbuk University and Post-doctoral studies from Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Republic of Korea. She is currently working as a Veterinary Researcher in the National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Calf disease is an important problem on many farms that can have serious effects on calf survival and productivity. Calf diarrhea is the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in cattle in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate calf diarrhea management on Korean native cattle farm. Data were collected prospectively on parameters related to calf diarrhea on 10 farms located in Jeonbuk/Jeonnam provinces in Korea. A 30-question survey about health status, hygiene, farm environment and management practices was administered to farmer by face-to-face interview. Of these farms, one farm with no presence of calf diarrhea was chosen to serve as a standard (control). Another 9 farms with presence of calf diarrhea were divided into 2 groups based on the incidence of calf diarrhea (less than 50%, 50% or more). Several calf management conditions showed no difference on the visited farms. These factors include colostrum management and calf treatment by owner. In contrast, other factors such as hygiene management (frequency of cleaning the farm/calving area, placement of individual calf space, vaccination for diarrhea, etc.) differed between farms and showed an association with the incidence of calf diarrhea. This study identifies several factors associated with calf diarrhea that should be further investigated to establish calf management protocol to reduce the calf diarrhea in Korea.
Mahan Bitaraf
Paytakht Animal Hospital, Iran
Title: The report of mesothelioma in a common iguana (Iguana iguana) in Iran
Biography:
Mahan Bitaraf has completed his Veterinary Medicine from University of Tehran and Resident of Small Animal Veterinary Specialist in Islamic Azad University. He is the Manager of Paytakht Pet Hospital since 2011. He has published more than 20 papers in veterinary congress and has been Manager of Board of Iran Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Abstract:
An adult female green iguana (Iguana iguana) was referred to Paytakht Pet hospital for lethargy, hyporexia and coelomic distension. Coelomic effusion and free fluid were detected by ultrasound evaluation. The fluid was aspirated and analyzed in clinical laboratory. Cell population of coelomic fluid was stained with Giemsa and malignant features include anisokaryosis, multinucleation, high and variable nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, coarse chromatin, and prominent nucleoli were observed. The iguana was euthanized due to case owner request. Mesothelioma is an uncommon neoplasm in reptiles and it is the first report of this type of neoplasm in common iguana in Iran.