5^th Animal Health and Veterinary Medicine Congress September 26-27, 2016 Valencia, Spain

Biography:

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Biography:

Imre Oláh graduated at the Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary in 1962, 1962-63 he was a research fellow at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. 1964 research assistant at Department of Histology and Embriology, 1971 associate professor at the Anatomy Histology and Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University Budapest. 1974 PhD degree of Hungarian Academy of Science. 1976-77 and 1980-83 Research Assistate Poultry Science Department Mississippi State, Mississippi. 1983-89 Senior Research Scientist, Semmelweis University. 1989-91 Poultry Science Department, Clemson University, Clemson SC. 1993 Professor of Anatomy Department Semmelweis University 1995-2003 professor and head of Anatomy Histology and Embriology Department Semmelweis University 2008 Professor emeritus up to now

Abstract:

In avian species the bursa of Fabricius is a primary lymphoid organ, which is responsible for B cell differentiation and antigen- specific IgY production. The surface epithelium of the bursa comprises approximately 90% interfollicular and 10% follicle-associated epithelium. The interfollicular epithelium has a discontinuous basal cell layer that may be differentiated to interfollicular epithelial cells secreting mucin-like substance. The early experimental studies suggested that the endocytosis of follicle-associated epithelium provides antigen access from the bursal lumen into the follicles. The aim of this study is to investigate the Caveolin-1 mediated endocytosis of interfollicular epithelium in chicken’s bursa of Fabricius. The immunohistochemistry of Caveolin-1 indicated that no Caveolin-1 mediated endocytosis in the follicle-associated epithelium, but in the interfollicular epithelium Caveolin-1 positive and negative cells were found. The transmission electron microscopy confirmed the two types of interfollicular epithelial cells. After infectious bursal disease virus infection the number of Caveolin-1 positive cells drastically decreased, but by 28 days postinfection their number returns to that of the control. These results indicate that not only the follicle-associated but the interfollicular epithelium also participates in the Gumboro infection and this is the first paper dealing with the Caveolin-1 expression in the interfollicular epithelium after Gumboro virus infection.

Biography:

Professor Timms is Professor of Microbiology at the University of Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia. He is a nationally and internationally renowned microbiologist with specific expertise in the area of Chlamydia. His laboratory is acknowledged as the leading Australian laboratory and one of the leading groups internationally working on all aspects of chlamydial infections.

Abstract:

Wild koala populations continue to experience serious declines as a result of several threatening factors including, (i) loss of habitat, (ii) motor vehicle trauma; (iii) dog attacks; (iv) chlamydial disease. Chlamydial infections are associated with diseases ranging from ocular disease leading to blindness, as well as urinary and genital tract disease, leading to female infertility. Modeling shows that targeting chlamydial disease would have a major impact on stabilising population decline. Our previous studies have demonstrated that koalas can be safely immunized with a vaccine containing a mixture of chlamydial major outer membrane protein (MOMP) antigens combined with a single or three-dose subcutaneous regime. In our most recent, large scale, field trial of the vaccine, we vaccinated 30 koalas that were outwardly clinically healthy but either Chlamydia PCR negative or Chlamydia PCR positive, and followd them for 1-2 years to assess the protective effect of the vaccine (compared to a control group of unvaccinated koalas). We observed strong, specific and long-lasting immune responses in the vaccinated koalas; high titre antibody responses (as measured by ELISA and also in vitro neutralisation) as well as Chlamydia-specific cytokine responses (interferon-gamma and IL-17 in particular). For animals which were Chlamydia PCR positive at the time of vaccination, we observed a significant reduction in their infection PCR load (at both the ocular and urogenital tract sites). We also observed protection from progression to clinical disease in the vaccinated animals. We have also conducted a small trial to vaccinate animals which already have clinical signs of ocular disease. Instead of the normal practice of administering antibiotics (chloramphenicol, daily for 28 days, which severely disrupts the animal’s gut microbiome) we vaccinated four animals with a single dose, 3-MOMP vaccine. For all vaccinated animals, their Chlamydia PCR load decreased, often to zero, and in two animals at least, we observed a decrease in their clinical disease score. These results are promising for the future development of an effective chlamydial vaccine for use in captive as well as wild koalas.

Biography:

Ângela Martins is the clinical director of the Arrabida Veterinary Hospital and of the 1st Functional Animal Rehabilitation Center–CRAA. She is working as a Professor at Lusofona University, on the discipline: Physical Medicine and Animal Rehabilitation, and guest professor on the same topic at the Technical University of Lisbon. She has completed her degree in Veterinary Medicine in 1991 and Post graduated in emergencies, orthopedic and neurologie, at University Lusofona. She wrote few articles on Functional Neuro-Rehabilitation. She is a member of AARV–IAVRPT. She has completed several courses like CCRP in 2012 from University of Tennessee, ESAVS-Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy of Small Animals in 2010 and Course of traumatologyorthopedic rehabilitation in 2012.

Abstract:

Neurologic lesions in dogs may have countless causes and can occur, for example, in cervical region. Two different motor systems can be affected and, either one, can seriously compromise the animal’s autonomy. In both cases, functional neurorehabilitation has been included in these cases treatment plan. In the present master dissertation, we aimed to evaluate how the success in the rehabilitation of these animals can be influenced by the dog’s characteristics, the disease, the type of treatment and the time elapsed between the initial lesion and the start of the functional neurorehabilitation. A clinical study was performed, with 22 dogs with diagnosed cervical neurologic lesion. Conservative or surgical treatment was performed and the dogs were subjected to a functional neurorehabilitation protocol, elaborated at the Centro de Reabilitação Animal da Arrábida, where the type of lesion, patient characteristics, deficits presented at the entrance and exit from the Center and time elapsed between the lesion and the entrance and the exit of the Center, were evaluated. There were no significant differences between the affected motor systems and the deficits presented or recovery time. Still, the type of treatment was related with etiology, where, generally, congenital and traumatic cases have been submitted to conservative treatment, while surgical treatment was mostly performed in degenerative and multifactorial cases. In concerning to deficits at the entrance of the Center and the type of treatment, surgical management was mostly applied in non-ambulatory tetraparesic patients, while conservative management was mostly performed in tetraplegic dogs or with other neurologic deficits. We conclude that functional neurorehabilitation had a primary role in this patient’s recovery, allowing 72.8% returning to functionality and regain autonomy, avoiding a more radical outcome.

Biography:

Yong Heo earned his DVM degree at 1983 from Seoul National University and has completed his PhD with immunology major at 1997 from State University of New York at Albany. He is a full professor since 2001 at the department of occupational health, Catholic University of Daegu, Korea. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Journal of Immunotoxicology.

Abstract:

Hazardous biochemical agents in animal husbandry indoor environments are known to promote the occurrence of various illness among husbandry workers and animals. The relationship between endotoxin levels in dust collected from Korean beef cattle farms and various immunological markers on bovine cellular immunity was investigated. Peripheral blood was obtained from 25 cattles from five different beef cattle farms in Korea. Concentration of total dust in indoor of the animal farms was evaluated using PVC membrane filter with 37 mm cassette at flow rate of 2.0 liters/min for 8 hours. Endotoxin levels in the total dust were determined by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Kinetic method. Microbial air samples were collected by the use of Cascade Impactor onto petri dishes with bacteria or fungi growth media. Cytokine production was evaluated through stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells (106 cells/ml) with Concanavlain A (5 microgram/106 cells) for 72 hours in 5% CO2 incubator. Interferon-gamma versus interleukin-4 ratio, an immunological paramter for helper T cell subtype skewedness, was substantially lower in cattles from the two farms with higher endotoxin ceonecntrations (100.940.7 EU/m3) than the cattles from the three farms with lower endotoxin levels (17.78.3 EU/m3). Phenotyping analysis through FACS for peripheral mononuclear cells demonstrated significantly lower percentage of WC1+ gamma delta T cell, an imporant immune cell for protection against microbial infection, in cattles (9.71.7%) from the farms with higher endotoxin level than those (15.02.3%) from the farms with lower endotoxin level. Prevalent microorganisms were Gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus lentus, S. chromogenes, Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, and Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans and Acinetobactor iwoffi for fungi and Gram negative bacteria, respectively. Overall, these results suggest a probable negative association between dust endotoxin levels and cell-mediated immunity in Korean beef cattles.

Biography:

Dr. Joel Ehrenzweig has combined 25+ years of multi-site companion and exotic animal practice ownership in New York City and Boston with biotech and animal health industry expertise to transition innovative products from the biotech, pharmaceutical, veterinary, and diagnostics industries to veterinarians and pet owners around the globe.

Abstract:

The struggle for acceptance that accompanies the end-of-life process that clients and veterinary staff must face is fraught with conflicting values and emotions. It is well-accepted that the primary trigger for compassion fatigue in veterinary practice is moral stress. While stress is part and parcel of veterinary practice, if poorly managed, this stress can lead to burnout, depression, anxiety, relationship conflict (both in the workplace and at home), and even suicide. Dr. David J. Bartram found veterinarians were 5.5 times as likely to have suicidal thoughts than the general population. A 2012 study reported that 66% of practicing veterinarians who responded stated that they had clinical levels of depression, and 24% reported seriously considering suicide. Compare this to the national U.S. depression rate of 6-8%. These numbers have to be even worse for veterinarians and staff are engaged in hospice and palliative care. By offering their clients Genetic Preservation and Cloning options, veterinarians can facilitate the acceptance of end-of-life decisions for their pet and, at the same time, relieve some of the emotional baggage that practitioners and the entire veterinary staff have to deal with. While these service may not be for every practitioner, practice, or client, the profession now has a viable answer when a client asks, “But, isn’t there anything else we can do?” This presentation will touch on the basics of genetic preservation and cloning, a brief history of its successful role in equines and food animal production and its potential beneficial applications for companion animal veterinarians.

Biography:

Lenita Moura Stefani has a degree in Veterinary Medicine (1993) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), Master degree in Animal Science (2000), from the University of Delaware/USA, PhD in Veterinary Medicine (2004) from the University of Maryland, College Park, USA), and Postdoctoral (2015) from the University of Maryland, Baltimore Campus, USA). She is a Professor of the Graduate Program in Animal Science at the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó City – Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

Abstract:

Studies on gene expression have been used in many microorganisms, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) is an important tool. The invA gene is a marker for virulence of Salmonella spp. and its expression is related to bacterial invasiveness, that could result in severe disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate differences in the expression of this gene in isolates of S. Heidelberg (SH) of avian origin through the qPCR technique. This study was conducted at the University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó city, Southern Brazil. SH samples (n=18) were isolated from Paraná State, Southern Brazil, being 7 from the slaughterhouses (carcasses) and 11 from the field (drag swabs). Bacterial RNA was extracted using the PureLink® RNA Mini Kit (Ambion, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, USA) with subsequent quantification by Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, USA). The resulting RNA was treated with the enzyme deoxyribonuclease I Amplification Grade (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad). cDNA was synthesized using the Reverse Transcriptase kit with high capacity cDNA (Applied Biosystems, Foster, USA). The cDNA was treated with the enzyme inhibitor RNaseOUT Recombinant Ribonuclease ™ (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, USA). The analysis of invA expression was performed using primers previously described by Rahn et al., 1992. As a reference gene, 16S rRNA gene was used (Botteldoom et al., 2006). For qPCR reactions, the kit SYBR Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, USA) was used. Amplification conditions for invA and 16SRNAr genes were obtained as described by Mustafa and Singh (2013). For both genes, after 40 cycles of amplification, all samples were subjected to analysis of the dissociation curve (melting curve). Each sample was done in duplicate in specific qPCR optical plates to 96 well thermal cycler in real time CFX96 (Bio-Rad). Amplification results were analyzed using the Bio-Rad CFX Manager software. For gene 16SRNAr a straight line was obtained with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.995 and reaction efficiency (E) of 80.2%. As for the invA gene the value of R² was 0.990 and the E value was 83.1 %. All isolates of SH expressed the invA gene. However, the amount of protein expression varied among isolates, where samples from the field had, on average, 2.53 times higher expression compared to those isolated from carcasses. Since invA is related to the capacity of Salmonella to cause disease in many hosts, further studies are needed to evaluate the importance of a greater expression of invA and the onset of disease and its degree of severity.

Biography:

Inas N. El- Husseiny has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from Cairo University Faculty of veterinary medicine. She has postdoctoral studies and publications in different international journals which reached more than 30 papers in reputable journals. She is a supervisor on 8 thesis for master and PhD students in the field of veterinary surgery. She is a professor in the department of veterinary surgery, Faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University.

Abstract:

The incidence of orodental diseases became more prevalent during recent years and widely distributed between dogs. From the economical point of view, the orodental affections in dogs make their owners spend much more money in fixing problems in the pet’s mouth than they do preventing them. In the present work, the incidence of orodental affections in a total of 693 cases of dogs was studied. A total of (504 cases) were affected which represented (78.8%) of the total examined number. Diseases related to the soft tissues were recorded in (28) cases which represented (5.5%) from the total affected cases. The recorded affections were oro-nasal fistula (10.7%), gingivostomatitis (14.2%), wounds (17.8%), ulcers (14.2%), foreign bodies (10.7%), oral tumors (17.8%), epulis (7.1%), and salivary mucoceles (7.1%).All cases were subjected to full investigations including case history and clinical signs and for confirmation some cases underwent radiographic and histopathological examination.

Biography:

Frueauf, a director in the Biotechnology/Chemical Group, counsels domestic and international clients on the preparation, prosecution, and management of complex worldwide patent portfolios. He is also experienced in the research and preparation of freedom-to-operate, validity, infringement, and patentability analyses and uses these tools to advise his clients on their business strategy. Mr. Frueauf has experience in various inter partes matters, including district court litigation, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office litigation, and Section 337 investigations before the U.S. International Trade Commission. Mr. Frueauf is a contributing author of Patent Office Litigation, a two-volume set focused on the new contested proceedings under the America Invents Act published in 2012 by Thomson Reuters Westlaw. This book examines how the proceedings interact with other aspects of patent procurement and enforcement, and delivers practical analysis and advice.

Abstract:

With the global animal healthcare market expected to exceed USD 40,000 million by 2020, the need to protect the underlying products will never be greater. Patents, among other forms of intellectual property, play a key role protecting products in this industry. However, recent decisions by U.S. courts have cast a cloud over several tools used for animal healthcare. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court's Myriad decision and subsequent rulings by the lower courts upended well-settled expectations in the U.S. regarding the patent eligibility of nature-based products, including polypeptides, polynucleotides, microorganisms, and the products that they create. The U.S. is not alone in experiencing a significant disruption of patent law, as Europe went through a similar upheaval about 10 years ago. And while the law on patent eligibility at the European Patent Office (EPO) is now largely settled, the situation in the USPTO is less certain at present. An understanding of the similarities and differences between the EPO and USPTO is critical to a comprehensive patent portfolio strategy needed to succeed in the global animal healthcare market. This presentation will provide a summary of the EPO’s and USPTO’s approaches to examining patents in animal healthcare, including application of the USPTO’s Examining Guidelines to the tools used in and products made by the industry.

Biography:

Giorgio Marchesini graduated in veterinary medicine at the University of Padova in 2000. From 2004 to 2006 he worked at University of Udine with a scholarship on “wildlife”, whereas since 2007 he has been working as assistant professor at the Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, at University of Padova. He has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals, and since AY 2007/08 he is teaching “Animal Production Techniques” for the Food Safety and Hygiene Degree. In the AY 2013/14 he has been engaged in teaching at the Master of Veterinary Medicine International Cooperation at the University of Padova. His research activity is mainly focused on cattle management and feeding techniques finalised to the improvement of productions and animal welfare. Some studies are also focused on the diagnosis and prevention of some cattle metabolic diseases and on milk sanitisation and transformation technology.

Abstract:

Precision farming requires the collection of detailed data on feed, environmental conditions, physiological parameters, activity and performance of the animals throughout the production cycle. For some years there have been some devices which make possible some measurements on single animals, such as activity level and rumination time. While these tools are widespread in dairy farms, their application in the beef sector is still limited. The aim of this study was to measure the level of activity (from 0 to 253 every 2 h) and daily rumination during the conditioning period of young bulls and to check whether these data can be used as indicators in predicting weight gain and in early detection of diseases. The study was conducted on 108 young bulls coming from France, with an average age of 390±49 days and an average weight of 453±21 kg. Upon arrival in the farm the animals were weighed and fitted with SCR collars (HRLDn Tag; SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel). Animals were checked daily to verify their health condition and the right position of the collar. Any symptoms and therapies have been regularly recorded. The animals were raised in 11 pens for 70 days in loose housing on deep litter and were weighted at the end of the conditioning period. Data on rumination and activity were recorded by collars every 2 hours and then summarized as values of total daily rumination and activity. As regard to activity and rumination data, statistical descriptors and some indices of disomogeneity were also calculated. After checking for normality, Perason’s correlation coefficients were assessed between average daily gain (ADG) and activity and rumination variables. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA according to the fixed effect of ADG (3 levels: low, LWG, medium, MWG, and high, HWG). Animals on the whole were healthy, in fact only two had fever, 16 suffered of sporadic cough and 14 showed nasal discharge. The animals had an average daily gain of 1.56±0.33 kg/day (0.68 - 2.33). The animals showed an average level of daily rumination and activity equal to 366±78 minutes and 481±88, respectively. Daily rumination and activity increased gradually up to three weeks after the arrival (from 336 to 413 minutes and from 427 to 493, respectively) and then decreased gradually over time, probably because of the reduction of fiber in the ration. Significant correlations with ADG were found for some variables. Among them there were minimum daily rumination and the rumination disomogeneity index, but r values were very low: 0.25 (P=0.009) and -0.25 (P=0.008), respectively. However some parameters were found to be significantly different among ADG categories. Among them the minimum value of daily rumination (DMR) and the rumination range (RR), for LDG, MDG and HDG categories were 142, 170, 197minutes (P=0.0184) and (366, 336, 315 minutes (P=0.045), respectively. Although there is a great individual and daily variation in activity and rumination, such parameters promise to be useful in daily growth forecasting and in recognition of alterations of the health status.

Biography:

Stewart Daniel has an extensive career in animal welfare and an advanced diploma in companion animal behaviour. Joined the KZN Rabies Elimination Project in 2009 - 2015 to run the welfare, research and training component of the project. His expertise has been utilised by several organisations globally, (WHO, OIE, FAO, Pasture, WAP, GARC) with the emphasis being on dog population management, rabies elimination programs and animal handling training. He has presented at multiple international conferences relating to his expertise. He runs a successful private company which focuses on all aspects of animal management and is passionate about dogs and their relationships with people.

Abstract:

Despite the ancient symbiotic relationship between dogs and humans, conflict between both are inevitable and dog bites are as old as the relationship itself. Biting is usually driven by the dog’s natural instincts, but sometimes a disease such as rabies plays a role. With the global focus on human rabies elimination by 2030 and considering that dog bites are 99% of the cause of such a zoonotic disease it seems foreseeable that dog bite prevention should be the next step forward towards eliminating dog mediated human rabies. In an internationally supported rabies elimination project in KZN South Africa, it became clear that despite a dramatic reduction in rabies amongst dogs through vaccination, this did little to reduce dog bites, and as awareness increased so rabies treatments with, Rabies Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) increased despite the number of potential rabies contacts being drastically reduced. It also became apparent that most dog bites could have been avoided through education, which would reduce both the cost and potential contact with rabid animals by applying simple principles to the interactions between humans and dogs. Consequently, the following questions were be asked: • Why do dogs bite? • What human behaviour elicits bites? • How can these behaviours be avoided? • Can bites from rabid dogs also be avoided? Generally dog bites are not merely caused by a rabies infected dog but rather by multi factors of human, environmental and dog behavioural influences. Education on dog bite prevention globally, should be a part of every countries one health approach. This will decrease the incidence of human rabies as well as the financial, physical and psychological burden of treating potentially, these unnecessary dog bites. Despite a global focus on the number of children been bitten by dogs or dying from rabies, a high percentage of dog bite victims are in fact adults. Hence, dog bite prevention education needs to be, not only focused on children but expanded to be more inclusive of the whole of society and broadened in scope to include information on both dog behaviour, bite prevention and simple, primary animal welfare and husbandry. However with an increasing global emphasis on neglected zoonotics, it is also clear this holistic ‘pet care’ education can in turn address multiple zoonotics. This One Health concept should consider all aspects of the relationship between humans and dogs in order to nurture that valuable relationship while also reducing dog bites and along with it, the multiple zoonosis diseases and parasites that are commonly separated by different programs and priorities.

Biography:

Ali Hassanpour is large animal internist.  He has completed his PhD at the age of 31 years from Department of clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. He is Associate professor of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran. He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

This study was conducted on 210 sheep in Maku area in Iran in order to determine seroprevalence of leptospiral infection. Sera were initially screened at dilution of 1:100 against 8 live serovars of Leptospira interrogans: Pomona, Canicola, Hardjo, Ballom, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Automenalis, Australis, and Grippotyphosa using the microscopic agglutination test. The prevalence of leptospiral infection (At titers 100 and 200) was 15.23% in sheep. There was significant relationship between aging and the incidence of leptospiral infection (P<0.05) and there was no significant relationship between breed of the sheep and the incidence of leptospiral infection. The highest number of reactors in sheep (62%) was due to serovar Canicola, followed in descending order by Icterohaemorrhagiae (32%) and Hardjo (6%). All off the sera were seronegatives for Pomona, Ballum, Grippotyphosa and Autominalise. The majority of titre levels were between 100 and 200 for all the serovars. These results confirm that the majority of leptospiral infections are asymptomatic and the presence of antibodies in the absence of infection indicates exposure to the organism in these animals.

Biography:

Nazik Zuelnoon Eisa Ali is currently working as a Professor in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Gezira, Sudan.

Abstract:

This study was conducted to evaluate the economic impact of natural gastrointestinal parasitic infection on fattening performance of Sudan Desert sheep. Forty-eight naturally infected lambs were divided into 2 groups of 24lambs each. One group was treated for internal parasites while the other was left nturally infected. Each group was then divided into two groups according to age (old two years and young milk teeth) and dietary energy level (high and low). The design ended up with eight groups of 6 individuals each which were old treated high energy (OTHE), old infected high energy (OIHE), old treated low energy (OTLE), old infected low energy (OILE), young treated high energy (YTHE), young infected high energy (YIHE), young treated low energy (YTLE) and young infected low energy (YILE). They were then fattened for 60 days during which feedlot performance, mortality rate, purchase prices, sales and margins were calculated. The growth parameters as average daily gain and final body showed significantly (P< 0.001) high differences among the treatments. Margin percent of sales of (OTHE) was 23.80% while (OILE) lost 40% of their total cost. Although (YTHE) ranked second in term of performance, but they achieved the best profit which was 5.7% more than the profit of (OTHE) because of less dry matter consumption. The number of sold lambs for (OILE) and (YILE) decreased by 50% due to mortality. Total margin of (OTHE) was 98.08 $, while (OIHE) was sold for 36.36% less profit. The earlier group gained 82.81% more profit than (OTLE). Although older treated lambs gained more weight than younger ones but economically younger lambs were more profitable. Total sales revenue of (OTHE) was 510 $ with 19.2% total margin, while the total sales revenue of (YTHE) was 480 $ reaching 24.9% total margin. Concentrate supplementation policy has to be followed to increase productivity of sheep and to lower mortality due to gastrointestinal parasites specially when in poor rainy seasons. Governments has to adopt such policy to protect the national grazing herd. More studies about the effect of gastrointestinal parasites on sheep need to be conducted.

Biography:

Shehla Gul Bokhari has completed her PhD from Nanjing Agricultural University China in 2011. She currently works at the Pet Centre of University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. She has pioneered tendon scanning services for the first time in Pakistan through her project funded by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. She has published 12 papers in various journals and presented at 4 international conferences.

Abstract:

The aim of the present study was to precisely diagnose and evaluate the percentage occurrence and severity of injuries to the tendons and other soft tissue structures in various joints in horses, in and around the Lahore city of Pakistan. 48 horses were included in the study and divided into three equal groups (n=16) i.e. Group A (race), Group B (polo) and Group C (draft-purpose) Horses. Each group was further subdivided into two equal sub-groups i.e. sound and unsound, with eight horses in each sub-group. Soft tissue structures from various joints including elbow, carpus, fetlock (fore and hind-legs), stifle, hock and flexor tendons were assessed in unsound horses on the basis of various clinical parameters, which included warmth, swelling, degree of pain, degree of lameness and range of motion, respectively. The results showed that warmth at the site of injury was significant (P≤0.021) in the race horse Group A only. Swelling was highly significant in all three groups, being more pronounced in the polo horse Group B (P≤0.000) and successively followed by the race and draft- horse Groups A and C (P≤0.002). Degree of pain (P≤0.001) and degree of lameness (P≤0.003) were highly significant for all three groups, equally. Range of motion of affected joints was however, highly significant for the race horse Group A (P≤0.001), followed by a significant reduction in range of motion of joints in the draft-purpose Group C (P≤0.022) and the polo horse Group B (P≤0.034), respectively. On the basis of statistical analysis and clinical findings, it was concluded that injuries were generally more pronounced in race horses (Group A) as compared to the other two groups.

Biography:

Yalcin Akbulut started his undergraduate study in faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Kafkas University in 2000 and graduated in 2005. Upon graduation he started to study his PhD degree in the deparment of Anatomy, Faculty of Kafkas University. He complated his PhD 2010. He was assigned as an Assist. Professor his PhD 2012. He has been working at the same university since 2012.

Abstract:

The nerves of the wing and trunk arise from the brachial plexus. The brachial plexus is a network of nerves formed by the ventral roots of the last two cervical spinal nerves and the first two or three thoracic spinal nerves in the fowl. In domestic fowl these are typically nerves 13 to 16 and sometimes also 17. The brachial plexus is formed from the merge of ventral branches of the last three cervical nerves and the first two thoracic nerves in Merlin as a raptor. This study was carried out with the permission taken from of General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks, Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs on June of 2015. Totally five adult buzzards (Buteo buteo), three of them were male and two were female, obtained from the Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center of Kafkas University were used in this study. The Common buzzards were fixed in 10% formalin solution for anatomical examinations. It was determined that there are two plexus as the brachial plexus and the accessory brachial plexus in the Common buzzard. It was also detected that v. jugularis, a. carotis communis and n. vagus placed in the medial of the brachial plexus, while v. subclavia and a. subclavia were in caudal part of plexus. In addition, it was specified that the accessory brachial plexus located in cranial and it is originated from the merge of ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerve of 10th and 11th (C10 and C11). Mean diameters of C10 and C11 were measured as 0.49 and 0.69 mm, respectively. It was identified that the brachial plexus originated from the merge of ventral branches of the last three cervical spinal nerves (C11, C12, C13) with ventral branches of the first two thoracic (T1 and T2) spinal nerves. Diameters of these branches, joining the origination of the brachial plexus, were measured as 0.69, 1.27, 2.13, 1.81 and 0.98 mm, respectively. As a result, the formation of the Common buzzard’s brachial plexus, the participating spinal nerves to plexus and the innervation areas of these nerves were determined.

Biography:

Fernanda Washington de M. Lima is currently working as an Associate professor at Faculty of Pharmacy at Federal University of Bahia. I have experience in Clinical Analysis, with emphasis on Immunology of Infectious Diseases, mainly in the following areas: Immunodiagnostics, Serology, Epidemiology and Biotechnology for the production of antigens and antibodies.

Abstract:

Toxoplasma gondii is the primary abortion-causing agent by infectious disease in goats. Moreover, intake of meat and milk from infected animals can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Thus, investigating the immune response against T. gondii is very important for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease in order to develop control strategies and immunoprophylaxis. The aim of this study was to investigate aspects of the humoral and cellular immune response of goats experimentally infected with TOX31 and RH strains of T. gondii. The humoral immune response was evaluated through the levels of anti-T. gondii antibodies using ELISA, while cell response was investigated by determination of IFN-gamma concentration in supernatant of culture from peripheral blood cell of infected and control animals. The study was conducted with 21 goats divided into three groups of 7 animals each one (n = 7): a negative control and two experimentally infected groups with HR or TOX 31 strains, respectively. Infected animals showed a rapid humoral immune response with seroconversion to IgG antibodies at day 15, which reached maximum levels in the sixtieth day after infection. The "in vitro" stimulation for animals inor to the RH strain. Histopathological study showed major changes in the animal inoculatculated with the HR strain with T. gondii antigen, in different concentrations of total proteins, produced a high concentration of IFN-gamma on day 15 post infection. Only at higher antigen concentrations (300mg / ml), the animals infected with strain TOX31 and the negative control showed IFN-gamma increases similaed with RH strain as hyperplasia of the submandibular lymph nodes and lung lymphoid tissue. In general, IgG levels of anti-T. gondii and IFN-gamma were higher in goats group infected with T. gondii from RH than from TOX31 strain. Thus, the RH strain demonstrates higher immunogenicity than the TOX31.

Biography:

Areej Bakhraibah has a position of demonstrator then lecturer and she completed her PhD at the age of 32 years from Girls College. After that, she has a position of assistant professor in the same college, then in King Abdulaziz University. She is the supervisor of zoology section, Biology department at KAU.

Abstract:

The present study was carried out on a total number of 60 specimens of Scarus fish caught from the Rea Sea coast of Jeddah and Rabigh cities in Saudi Arabia. 30 fish from each locality were carefully examined for the determination of their metazoan parasitic fauna.Collected parasites were identified as Monogenea (Deplictanum sp.), Isopoda (Praniza Larva), Copepoda (Hatshakia sp.) and Digenea (Bucephalus and Lecithoclaster spp.) Out of 30 specimens of fish caught from the coast of Jeddah 13 (43.4%) were infested by 90 parasites which comprise of two parasite species, Deplictanum sp. and Praniza Larva with prevalence of infestation 40% and 3.33% respectively. Mean intensity of the previous infestations varied from 6-7 parasites per fish. Digenean parasites were not detected in Scarus fish of Jeddah. Concerning Scarus fish of Rabigh, a total number of infested fish was 19(63.33%) with a number of 205 parasites representing 4 parasite species. Single and multiple infestations were recorded. Monogenea (Deplictanum sp.) represents the most commonly encountered ectoparasite with prevalence (53.3%) and mean intensity (10.9) followed by Digenea (20%) and mean intensity (3.8) then Isopoda (13.3%) and mean intensity (1.75). No parasitic infestation was observed in Scarus female fish (no. 10) of Jeddah (0.0%). Out of 20 male fish 13 (65%) were infested with 90 parasites with mean intensity 6.9, comprising two parasite species, Isopoda with prevalence (55.5) and mean intensity (7) and Copepoda in only one fish (5.0%) and intensity (6). Female fish from Rabigh (no. 19) had higher prevalence (84.2%) than male (no. 11) which showed prevalence (27.3%) with Isopoda only. Four parasite species were recovered from female fish of Rabigh. Monogenea showed the highest prevalence (68.7) and mean intensity (9.7) followed by Digenea, prevalence (31.56%) and mean intensity (3.8) then Isopoda showed the lowest prevalence (21.05%) and mean intensity (1.75). Statistical analysis were used to compare the obtained data and factors that may determine the relationship between parasitic prevalence and intensity and fish sex were discussed.

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Biography:

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