9^th International Conference on Animal Health & Veterinary Medicine 2018-12-12 London ,UK

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Graduated from University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Clinic for Cattle Diseases, Hannover, Germany

Abstract:

Background and Introduction: Bovine lameness has been remarkable nowadays due to its direct impact on bovine industry as well as animal welfare issues. As about 80 % of bovine lameness and limb disorders occurs at the hind limb, to identify the best and most appropriate foot local anesthesia method, two local anesthesia method of Intravenous Regional Anesthesia (IVRA) and four-point Nerve Block Anesthesia (NBA) were chosen to compare their efficacies as well as onset of full (complete) analgesia by means of nociceptive thresholds (electrical, thermal and mechanical pin pricks and force [in Newton]).
Materials and Methods: We divided our study into two investigations. To evaluate the efficacy of anesthesia, eight healthy non lactating and pregnant Holstein Frisian cows in a cross-over study design were selected. All cows received IVRA by injection of 20 ml Procaine without epinephrine into the Digitalis Lateralis Communis IV or in case of accessing this vein by difficulty, injection into the vein Digitalis Dorsalis Communis III. To desensitize by NBA method, after some anatomical dissections, we suggested our modified four-point NBA by injection of Procaine without epinephrine preneurally to the nerves superficial and deep fibular as well as lateral and medial metatarsal nerves. The nociceptive thresholds were examined by electrical, thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds at different locations of hind limb respectively at dorso-lateral coronary band, dorso-medial coronary band and six different sites of lateral and medial heel bulb, dorsal surface of fetlock joint and coronary band of the claws. The efficacy of anesthesia in our first study examined by those three nociceptive thresholds while the start of complete anesthesia examined only by electrical and mechanical thresholds.
Results: our statistical evaluations revealed no significant differences between two groups regarding the efficacy (duration) of local anesthesia (P > 0.05) while there was a noticeable difference between two groups (P < 0.05) related to the onset of local anesthesia that demonstrated the faster onset of full anesthesia after our modified four-point NBA comparing to the IVRA method, identified by electrical nociceptive thresholds.
Discussion and Conclusion: Only evaluation of local anesthesia full onset by electrical thresholds was remarkable. That demonstrates the effectiveness of electrical thresholds in comparison to thermal and mechanical pin pricks and force to access the onset of complete anesthesia. Thermal and mechanical pin pricks were applied successfully but we did not see any significant difference between two groups related to those devices. However, due to different receptors that reply to our different stimuli, the used locations of thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds did not reveal any superiority and criteria to apply these means to evaluate the quality as well as quantity of local anesthesia methods.

Key words: IVRA, modified four-point NBA, electrical, thermal and mechanical threshold, hind limb

Biography:

Fantu  Lombamo Untiso Has completer his MD at the age of 25 years from the Arba Minch University. He has worked as a Medical Doctor and Lecturer at Saint Pauls’ Hospital Millennium Medical College. He is currently attending Ethiopian Field EpidemiologyTraining Program in the same college.

Abstract:

Rabies kills 59,000 people per year world-wide; most are children under the age of 15. In Ethiopia, there are an estimated 2700 deaths per year. It is 100% fatal once clinical signs have begun. From 2010 to 2012, 1845 humans came to Ethiopian Public Health Institute seeking Post Exposure Prophylaxis medication from Addis Ababa. We reviewed recorded data from the year 2012 to 2016 and analyzed it to generate information on the status of rabies in Addis Ababa. Retrospective data were used from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute rabies case record book registered in the years 2012 to 2016. All humans and animals that came to the Institute Zoonoses research case team from each subcities of Addis Ababa with rabies exposures were considered for the cross-sectional study. Microsoft excel and spss version 20 were used for the data analysis.

A total of 6927 human rabies exposures were reported at Ethiopian Public Health Institute, giving a mean annual incidence of ~46 cases per 100,000 (55.6% males, 44.4% females). Out of these, 89.5% and 8.27% were exposed to suspected dogs and cats respectively. Fifteen human deaths due to rabies were reported in these years after exposure to dog bite of unknown vaccination status. Out of 1638 animal brains investigated in the laboratory with Fluorescent Antibody Technique, 61.7% were confirmed rabies positive. Among the laboratory confirmed positive rabies cases; high percentage of the animals came from Yeka (21%) and lower number from Kirkos subcity (3.5%). The principal vector of rabies in Addis Ababa is dog. Effective rabies management and control based on confirmed cases and mass-immunization and control of free roaming dog populations is recommended.

Biography:

Aklilu Lema Institute of Phatobiology, Addis Ababa University/AAU, Ethiopia

Abstract:

Biography:

Dr. Dhurba D.C. has completed his Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. & A.H.) at the age of 22 years from Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Chitwan, Nepal by securing first division with distinction (84.56%). he had studied in IAAS under full scholarship.  During 5 years period he had achieved scholarship in all semester by securing position within top ten student as well as semester topper.

He has completed his internship at Animal Health Research Division of Nepal Agriculture Research Council based on the topic Risk factor assessment and detection of Japanese encephalitis circulating antibodies in pig, dog and human of chitwan district of Nepal.

He is also scholar of Master in veterinary Medicine and Public Health at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Chitwan, Nepal. Now he is a 2^nd semester student of M.V.Sc. – Medicine and Public health at AFU also.

Along with M.V.Sc. student he is also the District Techinical officer (DTO) - Livestock as well as DTO coordinator of Agriculture and Food security Project through Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

Abstract:

To study on risk factors associated with Japanese encephalitis (JE) and detection of JE circulating antibodies in pig, duck, and human. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2015to April, 2016 in Chitwan district of Nepal. A set of questionnaire was developed, pre-tested in Chitwan district and then survey was carried out. A total of 99 pig blood samples, 102 duck blood sample and 100 human blood samples were collected. JE circulating antibodies IgG in pig and duck and IgM in human were detected from JEV ELISA kit. The data were collected, coded, computed and analyzed by Epi Info7 and MS-EXCEL 2013. Chi-square and Fisher extract test was used to find out the association of risk factors. The study showed that 8.08% (8/99) of pig serum samples and 5.88% (6/102) of duck serum samples were positive to JE circulating IgG antibodies. In case of human, out of 100 serum samples 100% (100/100) were negative for JE circulating IgM antibodies.There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the seropositivity of JE circulating antibodies in pig an d duck according to age, sex, breed, proximity of pig/duck farm to rice/paddy field, water sources and exposure to wild birds. Mosquito avoiding practices were significantly associated with occurrence of JE (χ2=9.95; p<0.05). Out of 100 respondents 38.18% (21/55) of female and 35.56% (16/45) of male; 21.62% (8/37) of less than 15years, 46.03% (29/63) of more than15years; 12.50% (4/32) of the illiterate and 48.53% (33/68) of the literate heard about JE. The research showed that absence of mosquito avoiding practices are significantly related to occurrence of JE. However, risk of JE occurrence can be minimized through mosquito avoiding practices. 

Biography:

Dr. Md. Abdus Sabur is a Veterinarian, has been graduated in Veterinary Medicine (DVM) from Bangladesh Agricultural University in 1986 and joined in the State Veterinary Services through completion of Civil Service Examination (BCS), he is now Senior Scientific Officer at a Regional Disease Investigation Laboratory in the country, he is  serving in the Department of Livestock Services of Bangladesh for about 26 years, he devoted his long course of services for welfare, healthcare and development of livestock in the country, he was a National Focal Point on Animal Welfare to OIE for two years, he attended a number of regional and international seminars and conferences on Animal Welfare, he is a life member of One Health Bangladesh, he works for rabies control in the country,  he is also a Publication Secretary of  Association for Prevention and Control of Rabies in Bangladesh (APCRIB),  he works voluntarily in a biggest cattle Bathan in the northern region of the country to change behavior of farmers and cowherds towards Animal Welfare, he is a potential voice of  Welfare of  Animals in the country.

Abstract:

A case study was conducted in a Bathan in Bangladesh to assess animal health status, where 20,000 cattle reared in traditional system. The study was conducted in three phases: first was observation of cattle rearing and milk collection system, second was disease assessment and third was impact analysis and dialogue. First phase shown that, cattle in the Bathan reared in free atmosphere under the ownership of some big farmers in some 35 cattle herds, each herd consist of 500 to 700 cattle, cattle are basically live on grazing, herds are located beside the river Goala, farmers use this river for bathing, watering, feeding cattle with cereals. Calf caring is unique here, newborn calves are fed mother’s milk up to 45 to 50 days, and then they are served by cereals and then taken to pastures for grazing. About 70% cattle in the Bathan stay in milk production round the year and daily milk production comes about 150,000 to 200,000 liters, milking capacity ranges from 10 to 15 liters per cattle per day, milk is collected manually twice a day. Good numbers of cowherds are employed for cattle caring in the Bathan.

Second phase was assessing disease.  It found that, the Bathan is epidemic with FMD and Anthrax as the country is too. Despite routine vaccination, 30 to 40% cattle become infected with FMD and death toll comes 5 to 6%. It is thought that, post vaccination FMD might cause for vaccine quality, preservation and emergence of new strains of virus from neighboring countries through cattle influx. No outbreak of Anthrax in post vaccinated animals. Routine deworming is practiced here. Among other diseases, Mastitis is frequent in 10% cattle and udder damage comes 5%, occurrence of Milk Fever is about 5 to 7% in early lactating cattle and death toll 2 to 3%. Calf health is good here. Other reproductive diseases are reported as well.

Third was impact analysis and dialogue with farmers to improve traditional rearing system to ensure better health of the cattle, because study resembled that traditional rearing negatively impact on the health and production of the cattle in the Bathan. Total rearing system needs more scientific intervention and needs more attentive veterinary services to improve health of cattle,  reduce diseases, mortality due to diseases  and management skills.

Biography:

Frances Henson qualified from Cambridge Veterinary School, UK.  She is the Haed of the Comparative Musculoskeletal Biology Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge and a Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons Specilist in Equine Surgery. She has published more than 70 papers in reputed journals.   

Abstract:

Sheep make up a significant part of large animal veterinarian work and are commonly used as experimental models in research.  In both veterinary practice and research, evaluation of pain is important, but measuring pain in large animals is difficult, particularly in herd animals such as sheep. In orthopaedic cases, usual clinical practice is to infer pain by observing clinical lameness, whilst in the research environment, weight bearing and gait analysis can also be used to evaluate pain. However, clinical lameness scoring is subjective and both clinical evaluation and weight bearing measurements represent brief observations obtained in the presence of humans, a known confounding factor in evaluation of pain in this ‘prey’ species.  In order to better quantify the pain associated with orthopaedic pathology, work in our laboratory has used novel remote telemetry methods to quantify movement behaviour in experimental sheep orthopaedic models. Telemetry permits the acquisition of data 24h a day with the animals in a natural environment in the absence of humans.  We have used two different systems to evaluate movement behaviour and have measured distance moved by the animal, the activity of the animal and speed of movement for up to 6 months in 65 animals.  We have used traditional veterinary and research techniques to evaluate the orthopaedic pathology in these animals including radiography, MRI and detailed post-mortem investigations and evaluated the correlation of these parameters with telemetric data. 

Biography:

Sheila Peña-Corona completed her MC degree at the age of 24 years from The Metropolitan Autonomous University-Campus Iztapalapa when she was 24 years old. Currently she is 28 years old and is in the last semester of the PhD program on Animal Health and Production Sciences in the College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, UNAM. She has participated on published papers on reputed journals, and posters in international congresses.   

Abstract:

Free-roaming dog population is a public health problem in developing countries, drugs prevent reproduction but have negative side effects. Coumestrol (COU) imitates estrogenic actions, usually is solubilized in DMSO but DMSO induces adverse health effects. Our objective was to determine effects of a single oral administration of COU diluted in DMSO and DMSO alone on vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) and concentrations of progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) in bitches. A completely randomized design with repeated measures over time was conducted. The animals in estrus, received either a single biscuit (Pedigree®; Control, n=5), a biscuit containing 600 μg of COU/kg diluted in 20 μl of DMSO (COU, n=6), or containing 20 μl DMSO (DMSO, n=5). Based on P4 data each group was subdivided into animals with P4>1 ng/ml and P4≤1 ng/ml Data were analyzed by ANOVA and GLM and Tukey-Kramer as post-hoc test (P<0.05). In  P4>1 ng/ml bitches, P4 was lower in COU and DMSO on days 21 and 28 post-treatment relative to Control animals  in the same days. In contrast E2 was significantly higher in COU and DMSO on days 14 and 21 than Control animals, in the same days. In bitches with P4≤1 ng/ml did not differ. A higher proportion of superficial cells was observed in COU and DMSO treated animals on day 21. Effects of COU and DMSO are observed at least 14 days after administration, the actions on hormonal profiles depend on the ovulatory condition, whereas actions on VEC are independent of ovarian status. 

Biography:

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

Abstract:

Biological assays and proteomics are valuable tools in understanding venomics with a view of reducing to the barest minimum, the burden of snake envenomation of an area. In this study, the Lorke’s method was used to determine the LD₅₀ of the snake venoms. Echis ocellatus had an LD₅₀ of 2.714mg/kg. Haemolytic activities were determined by the method described by Gomes and Pallabi (1999); the crude venom of Echis ocellatus had a hemolytic activity of 4.93 X10^-4 at 10mg/ml. when incubated with antivenoms, the haemolytic activity was still significantly high with VINS antivenom, it was greatly reduced with rabbit polyclonal antibodies and completely prevented when EchiTAb-G-ICP was used. Snake venom-induced haemorrhages were most severe with the venom of Echis ocellatus (8.2cm or 100% haemorrhage) at 10mg/ml. Polyvalent antivenom against the venoms of Bitis arietans, Echis ocellatus and Naja nigricollis were raised in rabbits as described by Bucherl et al., (1968) and Sherman et al, (1980) using Freund’s complete and incomplete adjuvants. Antihaemolytic assay showed that all the antivenoms used had antihaemolytic potentials, only the antivenom produced in this research and EchiTAb-G-ICP had antihaemorrhagic (31.11% at 10mg/ml and 2.11% at 2.5mg/ml for the rabbit anibodies, and 2.22% at 10mg/ml and 0.00% at 2.5mg/ml for EchiTAb-G-ICP) and antidefibrinogenating activities against all the venom used. Ouchterlony was used to test for cross-reactivity of antivenom to the venoms. EchiTAb-G-ICP completely inhibited the activities of all the venoms, the antivenom produced in this research inhibited the venoms of Bitis arietans, Echis ocellatus and Naja nigricollis, while VINS antivenom did not inhibit any of the venoms. 

Biography:

Sana Ullah is an active veterinarian who has got his DVM degree from Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan. He has a very good experience in parasitological lab techniques, sedimentation method, flotation method and direct smear method for identification of eggs for various parasites. He has done research work on comparative studies on dressing percentage and distribution of cut parts in broiler and layer, in collaboration with the department of Animal Products and Technology. He has also performed a research project on, prospective evaluation of pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy and castration in dogs from the department of surgery and obstetrics

Abstract:

Body temperature, heart rate and respiration in male and female dogs during the process of operation differed significantly (P<0.05). On average the body tempe1·ature of female dogs was significantly higher (102.01±0.91°F) than the male dogs (1 OI .86±0.60°F). The heart rate of female dogs was significantly higher (109.42±23.06 beats per minute) than the male dogs (95.42±15.97 beats per minute). Respiratory rate of female dogs was significantly higher (40.68±5.07 breaths per minute) than the male dogs (35.93±6.03 breaths per 1ninute). The post-operative body temperature on average of female dogs (ovariohysterectorny) was higher than the male dogs castrated. The heart rate varied between animals in the same sex and on average heart rate of female dogs was higher than the male dogs. The respiration also varied between animals as well as between male and females, but respiration rate was higher in female dogs than the male dogs. The female and male dogs varied markedly in relation to postoperative pain due to their respective operations. There was great variation between dogs for the degree of pain or severity of pain after ovariohysterectomy surge1·y and tl1is might be associated with the physical health of these animals. The male dogs physically were of different health conditions and may be the weaker dogs felt prolonged pain as compa1·ed to those with good health.